English art movement, Vorticism is sometimes called the English version of Cubism. Founded by abstract artist Percy Wyndham Lewis, members of the movement focused on themes that incorporated modern machinery and industry. The movement was a mixture of Futurism and Cubism, lasting from 1912-1915. The movement began growing in 1913 when the Rebel Art Centre was founded, formed by Wyndham Lewis, Edward Wadsworth, Frederick Etchells, and Cuthbert Hamilton. The group’s name lasted only several months, later re-titled Vorticism by Ezra Pound. Two Vorticist manifestoes were published in the movement’s newspaper, Blast, in 1914 and 1915.
Vorticists rejected traditional academic institutions and looked to the future with fear. They recognized the power of technology, particularly the machine and anticipated that it would result in a bleak, purposeless life for humankind. Vorticism was the first English art movement dedicated to abstraction. Artists worked primarily in two-dimensional form, employed the fragmentation and multiple viewpoints of Cubism. Their work was defined with flat, bold colors, and simple geometric shapes.
Vorticism died out at the onset of World War I since many of its artists enlisted in the armed forces. In addition, there were disagreements within the group at the end of 1915 that also contributed to its demise.
The Nazarenes: (1809 - )
The Nazarenes was a group of German artists that formed in the early 19th century and whose goal was to revive Christian art. They intended to do this by returning to the paintings of Italian Renaissance artists, notably Perugino and Raphael. The group’s origins were in Vienna, where J.F. Overbeck and Franz Pforr founded the Brotherhood of St. Luke in 1809. The group then traveled to Rome, set themselves up in a monastery, and attracted several new members. They lived in a communal environment, performing chores in the morning and collaborating on frescoes and other works in the afternoons. They derived their subjects only from Christian doctrines, not from nature. The group had a significant influence on the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood of the later 19th century.
Fauvism: (1898 - 1908)
Coming from the French word fauve, meaning "wild animals," Fauvism rejected traditional painting and sculpture ideals and emphasized modern concepts, notably machines and motion. Inspired by the late impressionist works of Paul Gauguin and Vincent Van Gogh who pushed the boundaries with their bold color choices, the movement took this idea a step further to include simplified design. The first Fauvist exhibition occurred in 1905.
Pointillism and Post-impressionist inspired the development of the Fauvist movement. More specifically, Fauvist’s work was derived from primitive and tribal art; also Paul Gauguin’s color choice and style. Although the movement was short-lived, it had a profound influence on the development of the Expressionists. The name Fauvism was taken from the French word the "fauves," meaning the wild beasts. This title was appropriate because of their use of uncontrolled, abrasive, and intense colors. The Fauves held their most significant exhibition at the Paris Salon d’Autumne in 1905, paving the way for Modernist movements.
The primary focus of the Fauvist movement is non-naturalistic and vibrant color. In addition to Gauguin’s influence, Vincent Van Gogh’s palette was inspirational to the Fauves. Their aim was to express emotion through color choice. Fauvism died out after 1908, when the group went separate ways, many turning to
Cubism.
Resource: http://wwar.com/masters/movements/fauvism.html
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